Gandhi in Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Gandhi in Champaran, Ahmedabad and Kheda

Gandhi's Initial Phase in the National Movement

  •  Gandhiji's entry into Indian politics came from the successful leadership of three conflicts - Champaran, Kheda Peasant Movement and the Labour Movement of Ahmedabad.
  • (A) Champaran Peasant Movement

    The story of Champaran (Bihar) begins in the early 19th century when European planters had involved the cultivators in agreements that forced them to cultivate indigo in 3/20th of their holdings (Tin-Kathia). However, when indigo became remunerative, the European planters imposed higher taxes to compensate their losses in the international trade at that lime. Gandhi (in July 1917) was successful in abolishing the Tin-Kathia system and refund was made to the cultivators in wages.

  • The farmers of Champaran (Bihar) had entered into an agreement to cultivate indigo on the 3 / 20th part of the British planters (Tinkathiya System), the plantation owners demanded the rent from the peasants to get rid of the agreements. The peasants revolted in protest, Rajkumar Shukla of Champaran met Gandhi in Lucknow and urged him to come to Champaran and lead the rebellion Upon Gandhiji's arrival in Champaran, the administration ordered him to leave Champaran but withdrew the order after Gandhiji threatened to launch Satyagraha and formed a commission to investigate the matter in which Gandhi was made a member On the recommendation of the same commission, the system was abolished and returned 25% of the money illegally recovered to the farmers. It was only after the successful leadership of this movement that Rabindranath Tagore gave Gandhiji the title of 'Mahatma'.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    In___________________________ , in March 1918 a dispute started between the mill workers and the mill owners regarding the plague bonus.

    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    Which of the following are correct :

    (a) Gandhi undertook his first hunger strike at Ahmedabad (1918) for the mill wage of workers.

    (b) Mahatma Gandhi first Civil Disobedience movement was the Champaran Satyagraha.

    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    The farmers of Kheda districts of __________________launched a movement against the Government against the recovery of the increased revenue.

    Right Option : B
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    Explanation
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